Security
Telecom Security
Six interconnected domains. Each one a critical piece. Together, the full picture of how telecom networks are attacked — and defended.
Click any piece to explore its threat vectors, real-world attack patterns, and mitigations.
Security domains
Hover a piece to focus it
Signalling
SS7 · Diameter · MAP · SIGTRAN
Legacy signalling protocols expose subscriber data, call routing, and SMS delivery to manipulation across trusted inter-operator networks.
- Location tracking via SS7 MAP requests
- Call forwarding to intercept conversations
Voice
VoIP · VoLTE · IMS · Interception
Voice security spans call interception, VoIP fraud, and lawful intercept abuse across circuit-switched and IP-based voice networks.
- Eavesdropping via lawful intercept abuse
- VoIP toll fraud and call pumping
SMS & Messaging
SMS spoofing · Smishing · SIM swap
SMS remains a critical attack surface for phishing, OTP bypass, and subscriber impersonation despite being a legacy channel.
- Sender ID spoofing for phishing campaigns
- SIM swap enabling full account takeover
Roaming
GRX/IPX · GTP · SEPP · Inter-operator trust
Roaming creates cross-border trust relationships exploitable for location tracking, fraud, and signalling attacks. GTP tunnels carrying subscriber traffic traverse shared interconnect networks with minimal authentication.
- GTP tunnel hijacking and traffic injection over GRX/IPX
- GRX/IPX access enabling SS7 and Diameter attacks
Radio Access
IMSI catchers · Rogue BTS · Jamming
The radio interface is physically accessible to any attacker in range, enabling device impersonation, forced downgrades, and denial of service.
- IMSI catchers forcing 2G fallback to bypass encryption
- Rogue base stations for man-in-the-middle attacks
Identity & SIM
SIM cloning · eSIM · IMSI privacy
Subscriber identity is the root of trust in every telecom network. Compromise of the SIM or IMSI exposes authentication at every layer.
- SIM cloning via physical or remote compromise
- eSIM profile injection and remote provisioning attacks
Why these six domains?
Telecom attacks rarely target a single domain in isolation. An SS7 signalling exploit may be the entry point, but the impact lands in Voice (call interception), SMS (OTP theft), and Identity (account takeover). These six domains map to the distinct protocol stacks, trust boundaries, and attack surfaces that a telecom security team must own. Understanding how they connect is as important as understanding each one individually.